4.1 Before You Read

Before You Read What does it take to stand firm when everything is against you — when you are outnumbered, injured, and running out of supplies? This is a true story of a young officer who refused to step back even one inch. As you read, notice the difference between recklessness and real courage.

What is the Param Vir Chakra?

The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India’s highest military decoration, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy. The very first PVC ever given went to Major Somnath Sharma, and it was awarded posthumously — that is, after his death. Understanding what this award means helps you feel the weight of what he did.

The historical background

This is non-fiction — a factual account of real people and events. To follow it, you need a little history:

  • In August 1947, soon after India’s independence, Pakistan launched Operation Gulmarg to seize the Kashmir Valley, breaking an agreement with Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Around 22 October 1947, armed invaders, trained and backed by the Pakistani army, entered Kashmir to capture key places, including the Srinagar airport.
  • On 26 October 1947, Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India, and on 27 October India sent troops, airlifted into Srinagar, to defend the valley.

It was in this crisis that Major Somnath Sharma and his men were flown in.

About the form: a tribute / biographical account

The chapter is part biography (the life story of a real person) and part tribute (a piece written to honour someone). Such writing uses real dates, places, and names, and often quotes the person’s actual words. Watch for these as you read — they make the account trustworthy and moving.

Key Idea True courage is not the absence of fear — it is doing one’s duty despite fear and danger. Major Sharma chose to lead his men into battle with his arm in plaster, because his sense of duty was greater than his concern for himself.

Think and discuss

  1. Who are the people in your country you consider truly brave, and why?
  2. What is the difference between being fearless and being responsible?
  3. Why do nations build memorials and give awards to honour their soldiers?